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Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He enriched established German styles through his skill in counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and the adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach's compositions include the ''Brandenburg Concertos'', the ''Goldberg Variations'', the Mass in B minor, two Passions, and over three hundred cantatas of which around two hundred survive.〔Wolff (1997), p. 5〕 His music is revered for its technical command, artistic beauty, and intellectual depth.
Bach's abilities as an organist were highly respected during his lifetime, although he was not widely recognised as a great composer until a revival of interest and performances of his music starting with the 1829 revival of his St Matthew Passion by Mendelssohn 79 years after Bach's death. He is now generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.
==Life==
Bach was born in Eisenach, in the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, into a great musical family. His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, was the director of the town musicians, and all of his uncles were professional musicians. His father probably taught him to play the violin and harpsichord, and his brother, Johann Christoph Bach, taught him the clavichord and exposed him to much contemporary music.〔Wolff (2000), pp. 19, 46〕 Apparently at his own initiative, Bach attended St. Michael's School in Lüneburg for two years. After graduating, he held several musical posts across Germany: he served as ドイツ語:Kapellmeister (director of music) to Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, and as Thomaskantor in Leipzig, a position of music director at the main Lutheran churches and educator at the ドイツ語:Thomasschule. He received the title of "Royal Court Composer" from Augustus III in 1736.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.baroquemusic.org/bminormass.html )〕〔Miles (1962), pp. 86–87〕 Bach's health and vision declined in 1749, and he died on 28 July 1750.
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